Abstract
Abstract: Bactris gasipaes is a domesticated palm whose fruits are of great importance for the Amazonian people and whose heart of palm is also receiving economic interest in other brazilian and Latin America regions. The aim of this study was verify embryonic dormancy and its correlation with first cataphyll emergence in B. gasipaes seeds collected from four plants at Manaus city and four others at Coari city, both in the Amazonas state, Brazil. After extraction and cleaning, some of the seeds (4 replications of 25 per plant) were sown in a seedbed with a sawdust and sand mixture as substrate, and embryos (4 replications of 10 per plant), after extraction, were inoculated into half strength Murashige and Skoog cultures. Were used 100 seeds and 40 embryo per treatment. Whole seed and embryo germination varied between the different source plants and locations, with the greatest difference observed for the emergence of first cataphyll from seeds in the seedbed. For the most part of variables, results of seed and embryo were positively associated, namely, as one went up the other also, and vice versa. These results suggesting that, at least in part, seed dormancy in Bactris gasipaes is associated with embryonic dormancy.
Highlights
The genus Bactris constitutes one of the most diversified palm groups in the New World, encompassing around 92 species, and its greatest diversity is found in the Amazon Basin, where at least 30 species are known to occur (Goulding and Smith, 2007; The Plant List, 2013)
First cataphyll emergence differed between the seeds from different plants, varying from 16% to 84% (Table 1)
The percentage of seeds that remained viable at the end of the experiment varied between plants, from 0.0% to 64.0%. On this occasion, was observed that some of the seeds had germinated without exhibiting aerial emergence, but there was no difference between seeds from different plants
Summary
The genus Bactris constitutes one of the most diversified palm groups in the New World, encompassing around 92 species, and its greatest diversity is found in the Amazon Basin, where at least 30 species are known to occur (Goulding and Smith, 2007; The Plant List, 2013). The reproduction of the peach-palm has been the focus of research for more than a century (Barbosa-Rodrigues, 1899). In the greatest consumers regions of the Brazil, the consume of peach palm cultivated in the market increased from 19.5% 2009 to 24% in 2010. Between 2009 and 2011, in Rio de Janeiro, increasing palm consumption was 36%, already the pupunha grew 151%. In southern Brazil, consumption between the period before cited grown palm, especially pupunha, increased 78% (Ribeiral, 2011)
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