Abstract
All of the objects in the real world are envisioned to be connected and/or represented, through an infrastructure layer, in the virtual world of the Internet, becoming Things with status information. Services are then using the available data from this Internet-of-Things (IoT) for various social and economical benefits which explain its extreme broad usage in very heterogeneous fields. Domain administrations of diverse areas of application developed and deployed their own IoT systems and services following disparate standards and architecture approaches that created a fragmentation of things, infrastructures and services in vertical IoT silos. Coordination and cooperation among IoT systems are the keys to build “smarter” IoT services boosting the benefits magnitude. This article analyses the technical trends of the future IoT world based on the current limitations of the IoT systems and the capability requirements. We propose a hyper-connected IoT framework in which “things” are connected to multiple interdependent services and describe how this framework enables the development of future applications. Moreover, we discuss the major limitations in today’s IoT and highlight the required capabilities in the future. We illustrate this global vision with the help of two concrete instances of the hyper-connected IoT in smart cities and autonomous driving scenarios. Finally, we analyse the trends in the number of connected “things” and point out open issues and future challenges. The proposed hyper-connected IoT framework is meant to scale the benefits of IoT from local to global.
Highlights
The Internet-of-Things (IoT) concept has been broadly adopted by heterogeneous communities due to its potential benefits
The first set of tests is meant to understand the impact on the performances when the data requests are not handled by a single component in the cloud but into a federation of platforms. In the former case, the data is directly requested to the provider of the data; in the latter case, for each query, a discovery is performed first to find the provider of the requested data and the data is provisioned to the requester, hiding the complexity of the system behind
We have used the dockerized reference implementation of the FIWARE Context Broker Generic Enable [29], which is recommended by the European Commission as one of the Connecting European Facility [30], as the centralized IoT
Summary
The Internet-of-Things (IoT) concept has been broadly adopted by heterogeneous communities due to its potential benefits. It is necessary to seamlessly manage diversified information, from physical sensing data (such as temperature observations measured by a sensor on a street lamp post) to high-level contextual information (e.g., disaster detection and monitoring within a geographic area) inferred from the status of multiple things (both physical, and virtual such as social media data). In the last section (Section 8), we make a back overview of the discussed topics and present our steps on moving towards the future of Internet-of-Things
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