Abstract
We investigate optical response of a linear waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) system, namely, an optical cavity coupled to a waveguide. Our analysis is based on exact diagonalization of the overall Hamiltonian and is therefore rigorous even in the ultrastrong coupling regime of waveguide QED. Owing to the counter-rotating terms in the cavity-waveguide coupling, the motion of cavity amplitude in the phase space is elliptical in general. Such elliptical motion becomes remarkable in the ultrastrong coupling regime due to the large Lamb shift comparable to the bare cavity frequency. We also reveal that such elliptical motion does not propagate into the output field and present an analytic form of the reflection coefficient that is asymmetric with respect to the resonance frequency.
Highlights
Cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) deals with the interaction between a single atom and a discretized photon mode confined in a resonator, which is the simplest embodiment of quantum light-matter interaction
The cavity QED systems have been realized in various physical platforms: just to cite a few, single atoms coupled to an optical cavity, a semiconductor quantum dot in a photonic-crystal cavity, and a superconducting qubit coupled to a transmission-line resonator
We investigate a linear waveguide QED setup, namely, a bosonic oscillator coupled to a waveguide, and investigate its optical response to a classical drive field applied through this waveguide
Summary
Cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) deals with the interaction between a single atom and a discretized photon mode confined in a resonator, which is the simplest embodiment of quantum light-matter interaction. Up to the usual strong-coupling regime, perturbative treatment of dissipation based on the rotating-wave and Born-Markov approximations provides convenient and powerful theoretical tools, such as the Lindblad master equation and the input-output formalism [31,32]. This is not the case in highly dissipative regimes, and rigorous numerical methods are actively developed [33,34,35,36].
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