Abstract
BackgroundGiven the strategic importance of wheat being the staple food for the vast majority of people, it was necessary to know reasons for the contraction and decline of its area globally and consequently its lower yield. Among the most important of these problems is the problem of a high level of salinity in both soil and irrigation water coming at the forefront of environmental challenges that hinder its production process at the local and global levels. Therefore, the genetic improvement of wheat for salinity tolerance was one of the most important priorities of this investigation.ResultsThe seven wheat accessions (Sakha 8 and its six M5 derived mutants) succeeded in drawing unique cases of salinity tolerance and were excellent especially mutants 1, 2, 3, and 5. The rest genotypes were coming in the second rank for this purpose and were very good in this regard. The promising wheat genotypes which recorded high salinity tolerance in the recent investigation exhibited also high genetic stability. This fact was proved after estimating some agro-morphological and physiological traits related to salinity tolerance based on evaluating some important genetic parameters besides salinity tolerance indices under stress experiment compared to the control treatment within two seasons. Data evaluated of expected genetic advance (GA) based on 5% selection proved that all values calculated during the two seasons under both treatments appeared low for all studied traits in this regard. However, it reflects the success of breeding for salinity tolerance in wheat using mutations but in relative terms. Molecular marker analysis profile using the six ISSR primers exhibited a total of 173 markers, 12 of them were monomorphic, while that 161 bands appeared polymorphic included 56 unique bands or positive markers and 7 negative markers with 93.06 % (polymorphism).ConclusionThe original wheat variety (Sakha 8) and its six M5 derived mutants exhibited high tolerance of salinity stress in all studied traits based on all genetic parameters and salinity tolerance indices calculated for both seasons under salinity treatment compared to the normal conditions. DNA fingerprinting analysis as well for the six wheat mutants besides the local variety proved that these genotypes were recorded highly genetic differences among them.
Highlights
Given the strategic importance of wheat being the staple food for the vast majority of people, it was necessary to know reasons for the contraction and decline of its area globally and its lower yield
Various diseases and all these factors would reduce productivity. Noteworthy in this context, the imminent danger resulting from increasing salinity level in soil and irrigation water because high salinity directly impedes on all vital processes necessary for growth and germination that cause a reduction in wheat productivity by 40 to 50%.When we talk about the problem of water poverty and the decline in the share of water needed for agriculture in Egypt, it is noted that this will be in line with the rising of salinity level in soil especially in coastal land nearing from the seawater
There is no doubt that the success achieved from determining the molecular genetic differences between the six salinity-tolerant wheat mutants compared to the local variety (Sakha 8) was the main light to determine the most important step in this investigation
Summary
Given the strategic importance of wheat being the staple food for the vast majority of people, it was necessary to know reasons for the contraction and decline of its area globally and its lower yield. Scientists have joined forces to solve this problem and reduce the risk of high salinity This will do through traditional methods of plant breeding including a breeding program by mutations besides modern methods such as biotechnology for improving and developing new wheat accessions tolerant for salinity as well as keeping high yielding under this stress. Singh and Balyan (2009) studied induced mutations in bread wheat for improving plant height, grain quality, and some yield traits in Kharchia 65 cultivar using four levels of gamma rays (10, 20, 30, and 40 KR) in addition to the control. This investigation succeeds in generating 3 mutant progenies that may be fruitful and excellent for development and increasing yield traits. Results revealed that RAPD primers given a total of 57 fragments under the normal conditions where 27 of them were polymorphic besides 17 new amplicons observed after treating with (EMS), while the ratio of mutation induction by ISSR markers was 0.08% which generated 4 various new bands, respectively
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