Elicitation Effects on Some Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity in Callus Cultures of Allium jesdianum Boiss. & Buhse.: Methyl Jasmonate and Putrescine.

Abstract

Allium jesdianum Boiss. & Buhse. is the most important species of the Amaryllidaceae family with various pharmacological properties. Three subsequent experiments (germination, callogenesis, and elicitation) were carried out as a completely randomized design with six replication. At the first study, the highest seed germination (78.33%) was achieved at chemical pre-treatment including the combination of α-naphthalene acetic acid (1mg L-1) and benzylaminopurine (3mg L-1) under in vitro condition. The highest callus induction (86.7%) was observed at MS/2 media, which was supplemented by NAA (1mg L-1) and BAP (3mg L-1) from hypocotyl explants. Then, two chemical elicitors including methyl jasmonate (MeJ) (0, 25, 50, and 100µM) and putrescine (Pu) (0, 0.5, and 1mM) were used to investigate their effects on different biochemical traits under callus culture. The results showed the superiority of MeJ over Pu for increasing the secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity in calluses of Allium jesdianum, compared to the control. The highest contents for total phenolics (6.02mg GAE g-1 FW), total flavonoids (0.52mg QE g-1 FW), and total flavonols (0.39mg QE g-1 FW) were observed under 50µM of MeJ. Meanwhile, the highest value for anthocyanin (8.99 µ mol g-1 FW) was achieved at 25µM of MeJ. The highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl activities were observed at 50 and 100µM of MeJ. Putrescine (0.5mM) elicitation showed only superiority for callus growth rate (0.53mmday-1). Enhancement of desired secondary metabolites at 50µM MeJ could be suitable for future studies in biotechnological aspects of this medicinal plant.