Elevation of Activated Platelet-Dependent Chemokines and Soluble Cell Adhesion Molecules in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies and High Levels of β-D-Glucan

Abstract

Most invasive fungal infections such as candidemia are frequent in patients with hematologic malignancies. We measured cytokines/chemokines (IL-6, IL-8, monocytic chemoattractant protein 1, RANTES and epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide 78), soluble molecules (sFas, sE-selectin and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) and platelet activation markers (soluble CD40 ligand, sP-selectin and platelet-derived microparticles) in patients with hematologic malignancies under prophylactic treatment with an antifungal drug (fosfluconazole). We classified patients into 2 groups by the level of β-D-glucan. The level of C-reactive protein was higher in the high β-D-glucan group (>5 pg/ml) than in the low β-D-glucan group. However, there were no differences in the levels of other parameters (peripheral blood cells, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine). Patients in the high β-D-glucan group exhibited a significant elevation of several chemokines, soluble molecules and platelet activation markers compared with those in the low β-D-glucan group, but the levels of IL-8, monocytic chemoattractant protein 1 and sFas did not differ significantly. The levels of C-reactive protein and IL-6 increased significantly after 1 or 2 weeks on fosfluconazole in both groups. In contrast, the high β-D-glucan group exhibited a significant decrease in chemokines, soluble markers and platelet-derived microparticles compared with the low β-D-glucan group after treatment with fosfluconazole, although the patients in the low β-D-glucan group exhibited no significant changes. Furthermore, the levels of RANTES, epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide 78, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and sE-selectin correlated positively with platelet-derived microparticles in the high β-D-glucan group. These findings suggest that fungal infection may modulate the vascular events in which some platelet-related chemokines are involved.