Abstract

Perhaps no problem area within the philosophy of science has proven so resistant to successful explication as that of characterizing the principles and procedures of inductive (or non-demonstrative) inference. The purpose of this paper is to pursue attempts by Hempel, Hintikka, and Levi,1 among others, where inductive procedures are examined by means of the concepts and methods that distinguish decision-theoretical analyses of principles of choice, given a finite set of mutually exclusive and jointly exhaustive courses of conduct.2 The most important difference between these decision-theoretical analyses and those focusing upon the acceptance and rejection of hypotheses per se is that decisions determining behavior depend upon practical utilities, whereas those determining beliefs per se depend upon theoretical (or ‘epistemic’) gains and losses. Consequently, a distinctive characteristic of investigations of the kind contemplated here is that inductive procedures are explored within the framework of a decision-theoretical model employing ‘epistemic’ utilities.

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