Elektrikli Araçlarda Tam Elektrikli Frenleme için Bulanık Mantık Tabanlı Yeni Bir Yöntemin Geliştirilmesi ve Uygulaması

Abstract

The bi-directional conversion between electrical energy and kinetic energy is the a fundamental natural phenomenon that separates electrical and conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. With this conversion, which occurs thanks to electrical machines, kinetic energy; that is converted to heat in the drums or discs of the conventional vehicles and dissipated to environment, can be stored in the batteries and ultra-capacitors and re-used in the electrical vehicles. This is called regenerative braking. Regenerative braking is a method, which increases the total efficiency and range of a vehicle, but it is only possible on certain circumstances where the electrical energy can be stored. Vehicles with very large kinetic energy, especially rail vehicles like locomotives and some equipment that require very large braking power like cranes also utilize dynamic electrical braking. In this method, it is seen that the kinetic energy is converted to electrical energy, but instead of storing, it is converted to heat on some resistor units. Another application of electric braking is to apply a field to rotate an electrical machine in reverse, while it is already rotating on a positive reference. In the literature, this method is called braking with reverse current-voltage or plugging. In this paper, it has been investigated to stop an electric vehicle only with electrical braking methods. The limits of the above mentioned braking methods have been researched; a novel n optimal electrical braking algorithm to cover all braking range is defined. The method is called Full Electrical Braking (FEB). To realize this method, a fuzzy logic based controller is developed, using model based control methods. The developed system has been tested on an electric scooter and the results have been discussed.