Abstract
Physical properties of lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) ceramics change according to the initial electric poling process and electrical boundary conditions. This paper reports the electrothermal, piezothermal, and piezoelectric coupling phenomena in ferroelectrics from thermodynamics viewpoints, in particular, thermal property differences between unpoled and poled PZT’s in the poling direction for open circuit and short circuit conditions. We propose a new terminology, “secondary electrothermal” coupling factor kλ, which is analogous to the electromechanical coupling factor k, relating the elastic compliances under short- and open-circuit conditions, in order to explain the fact that the short-circuit condition exhibited the larger thermal diffusivity than the open-circuit condition. On the other hand, the unpoled specimen exhibits the lowest thermal diffusivity. This tutorial paper was authored for providing comprehensive knowledge on equilibrium and time-dependent thermodynamics in ferroelectrics.
Highlights
Thermoelectric devices generate voltage when each side of the device is set at different temperatures.when voltage is applied to it, heat is transferred from one side to the other, creating a temperature gradient
We propose conductivity/diffusivity on ferroelectric/piezoelectric ceramics from the practical application a “secondary electrothermal” coupling factor kλ, which is applied for irreversible thermal flow viewpoint
Because the intensive dielectric loss tanθ310 is larger than/2 in properties of lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) piezoceramics, QB at antiresonance is higher than QA at resonance; that is, the antiresonance operation seems to be more efficient than the resonance drive
Summary
When the stress is constant, X = 0 in Equation (5a,c), we can obtain the following equations:. (39b) where the following notations are used, and denoted as cEp specific heat capacity (per unit mass) under. X = 0 and E = 0, ε0 εX permittivity under constant stress X:. The primary electrothermal coupling coefficient p is usually called “pyroelectric coefficient”, defined by
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