Electrostatically self-assembled three-dimensional conductive network for highly sensitive and reliable skin-like strain sensor

Abstract

In recent years, flexible strain sensors have garnered significant attention in industrial manufacturing and daily life. Sensitivity and reliability are two crucial characteristics of flexible strain sensors in practical applications, and they depend on the development of the sensor's internal conductive network. However, the aggregation phenomenon of conductive fillers in the elastic matrix has a serious impact on the construction of a developed conductive network. In this work, we have designed electropositive amino-functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs-p) based on the electrostatic self-assembly of electronegative MXene in the aqueous phase. Compared to the use of surfactants, the electrical modulation of carbon nanotubes through chemical bonding modification is more robust and the electrostatic self-assembly with MXene is more stable. CNTs-p and MXene were self-assembled by electrostatic attraction in butyl latex and uniformly dispersed in the latex. Following demulsification, the polymer composite film (MXene&CNTs-p/IIR) with a three-dimensional conductive network was obtained. The skin-like strain sensor, which utilizes the conductive composite film, demonstrates high sensitivity (gauge factor (GF) = 35137 that is among the highest values for the reported strain sensor), remarkable reliability (The signal monitoring capability remains after 15000 cycles), and excellent responsiveness (62 ms). Additionally, the skin-like strain sensor boasts a wide detection range (0–431%) and unprecedented stability, enabling strain sensing functionality in a wide temperature range of -10—100 °C, as well as strong acid (pH = 1) and strong alkali (pH = 11) environment. The preparation of MXene&CNTs-p/IIR provides a safe, environmentally friendly and effective method for improving the sensitivity and reliability of flexible sensors in wearable intelligent electronics and health detection.