Abstract
Electrospinning (ES) has become a straightforward and customizable drug delivery technique for fabricating drug-loaded nanofibers (NFs) using various biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers. One of NF’s pros is to provide a controlled drug release through managing the NF structure by changing the spinneret type and nature of the used polymer. Electrospun NFs are employed as implants in several applications including, cancer therapy, microbial infections, and regenerative medicine. These implants facilitate a unique local delivery of chemotherapy because of their high loading capability, wide surface area, and cost-effectiveness. Multi-drug combination, magnetic, thermal, and gene therapies are promising strategies for improving chemotherapeutic efficiency. In addition, implants are recognized as an effective antimicrobial drug delivery system overriding drawbacks of traditional antibiotic administration routes such as their bioavailability and dosage levels. Recently, a sophisticated strategy has emerged for wound healing by producing biomimetic nanofibrous materials with clinically relevant properties and desirable loading capability with regenerative agents. Electrospun NFs have proposed unique solutions, including pelvic organ prolapse treatment, viable alternatives to surgical operations, and dental tissue regeneration. Conventional ES setups include difficult-assembled mega-sized equipment producing bulky matrices with inadequate stability and storage. Lately, there has become an increasing need for portable ES devices using completely available off-shelf materials to yield highly-efficient NFs for dressing wounds and rapid hemostasis. This review covers recent updates on electrospun NFs in nanomedicine applications. ES of biopolymers and drugs is discussed regarding their current scope and future outlook.
Highlights
The polymeric solution is pumped through a spinneret or syringe nozzle while voltage is applied between the spinneret and a collector; it causes the surface of the liquid to form a cone (Taylor cone) with a rounded tip
Advances in biomedical sciences and the increasing complexity of diagnosis and therapeutic processes necessitate the development of a unique drug delivery system to improve the bioavailability of pharmaceuticals reduce their adverse effects
Advances in all biomedical domains and the increasing complexity of diagnosis and therapeutic processes necessitate the development of a unique drug delivery system to improve the bioavailability of pharmaceuticals and their actions, as well as their safety and adverse effects
Summary
Electrospun NFs have been the research subject to develop fibrous scaffolds that allow skin regeneration, primarily because of their compatibility with the skin’s extracellular matrix (ECM) and biodegradability They can provide enhanced healing rates and be loaded with a bactericidal agent to prevent tissue infection and bioactive molecules and help the regeneration process [22]. A portable device can produce personalized fiber matrices tailored for each case where the wounded skin tissue acts as the collector of the fiber matrices [23], in a process that reduces the usual pain associated with conventional wound dressings application or removal and enhances the patient’s compliance to treatment [24] In this regard, this review seeks to provide an overview of nanofiber-based drug delivery and its related applications in nanomedicine on the most recent literature research. The recent literature (last five years) has been considered relevant, but discussions were addressed to earlier reports in this field
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