Abstract
Natural biomaterials such as collagen, silk fibroin, and chitosan, and synthetic biopolymers such as polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polyglycolic acid, and their copolymers are being used as scaffold for tissue engineering applications. In the present work, a fibrous mat was electrospun from eri silk fibroin (ESF). A composite of hydroxyapatite (Hap) and the ESF scaffold was prepared by soaking the ESF scaffold in a solution of calcium chloride and then in sodium diammonium phosphate. The average tensile stress of the pure ESF and hydroxyapatite-coated ESF scaffold (ESF-Hap) was found to be 1.84 and 0.378 MPa, respectively. Pure ESF and ESF-Hap scaffolds were evaluated for their characteristics by a themogravimetric analyzer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscope. The crystallinity and thermal stability of the ESF-Hap scaffold were found to be more than that of uncoated eri silk nanofiber scaffold. The water uptake of the pure ESF and ESF-Hap scaffolds was found to be 69% and 340%, respectively, in distilled water as well as phosphate buffer saline. The hemolysis percentage of both scaffolds was less than 5%, which indicate their good blood compatibility. The cytocompatibility studied by 3-(4,5-dimethyl) thiazol-2-yl-2,5-dimethyl tetrazolium bromide assay showed that the scaffold is biocompatible. To assess cell attachment and growth on the scaffold, human mesenchymal stem cells were cultured on the scaffolds. The results from scanning electron microscopy and fluorescent microscopy showed a notable cellular growth and favorable morphological features. Hence, the ESF-Hap scaffold is better suited for cell growth than the pure ESF scaffold.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2194-0517-2-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
The wound is a rupture in the epithelial integrity of the skinbased structural changes and functions of tissues
The medicinal plants have been borne witnessed as the paramount source of various phytochemicals used for the biogenic synthesis
The brown mass fraction was subjected to LCMS-8030 for characterization of the flavonoid compounds
Summary
The wound is a rupture in the epithelial integrity of the skinbased structural changes and functions of tissues. Impaired wound healing results in severe morbidity leading to long hospitalization of patients. There is always demand for treating wounds for minimization of the time taken for healing and to step down the risks of undesired complications (Ahmadi and Adibhesami 2017; Kandhasamy et al 2017). The use of conventional synthetic drugs over a long time is affiliated with side effects such as coma, hallucinations, kidney, heart, and liver failure (Biondi-Zoccai et al 2006). The use of plant-based nanomaterials has been accounted as a practical approach with improved physico-biochemical properties and functionality (Khoobchandani et al 2013; Katti 2016). The biogenic nanoparticles have shown promising potential as wound healing agents. The green nanotechnology is an open inquisitive field of research for the enhancement of bio-efficacy and has been exploited in the development of nanodrugs (Murugan et al 2015; Singh et al 2018)
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