Abstract
Esca is a type of grapevine trunk disease that severely affects vine yield and longevity. Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (P. chlamydospora) is one of the main fungi associated with esca. The aim of the present study was to obtain eco-friendly materials with potential antifungal activity against P. chlamydospora based on biodegradable and biocompatible poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), nanosized TiO2-anatase (nanoTiO2), and chitosan oligomers (COS) by conjunction of electrospinning and electrospraying. One-pot electrospinning of a suspension of nanosized TiO2 nanoparticles in PHB solution resulted in materials in which TiO2 was incorporated within the fibers (design type “in”). Simultaneous electrospinning of PHB solution and electrospraying of the dispersion of nanosized TiO2 in COS solution enabled the preparation of materials consisting of PHB fibers on which TiO2 was deposited on the fibers’ surface (design type “on”). Several methods including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and water contact angle were utilized to characterize the obtained materials. The incorporation of nanoTiO2 in the PHB fibers, as well as nanoTiO2 deposition onto the surface of the PHB fibers resulted in increased roughness and hydrophobicity of the obtained composite fibrous materials. Moreover, TiO2-on-PHB fibrous material exhibited complete inhibition of fungal growth of P. chlamydospora. Therefore, the obtained eco-friendly fibrous materials based on PHB and nanoTiO2 are promising candidates for protection against esca in agriculture.
Highlights
Esca is a disease of grapevines that causes trunk damage and entire-plant wilting and has been known about since ancient times [1,2,3]
We showed that electrospinning could be applied for the preparation of fibers containing chitosan and Trichoderma viride spores for agricultural crop protection
2-on-PHB were fabricated by electrospinning with electrospraying
Summary
Esca is a disease of grapevines that causes trunk damage and entire-plant wilting and has been known about since ancient times [1,2,3]. This grapevine disease is caused mainly by Phaeoacremonium chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum species [4,5]. Symptoms of the disease manifest in severe or chronic forms, which may affect the entire plant or individual canes of the same plant [1,6]. The wounds formed on vines during the pruning procedure are found to be the main point of penetration by P. chlamydospora and P. aleophilum spores in grapevines [3,8]. Arsenic and its compounds have been classified as carcinogenic and currently
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