Abstract
The objective of this research is to improve water treatment use of the electric spark method. Studies on the treatment of multicomponent galvanic effluent by the electric spark method using metal loading (Fe, Al) and low-voltage (up to 1000 V) equipment have been carried out. The factors that have the largest influence on the degree of galvanic wastewaters purification are the conditions and parameters of the discharge pulse—an efficiency of approximately 0.8–0.85 has a specific energy, which at moderate concentrations of pollutants can be less than 65 kJ/dm3 (18 kWh/m3)—and the metal loading height. Other variable technological parameters can serve either as scaling tools or as methods for regulating the operation of electrical equipment. The research shows that the degree of purification depends on the specific energy and the height of the metal loading of the reactor, and it weakly depends on the pulse energy and the speed of its input. The concentrations of heavy metals (Zn2+, Cr6++Cr3+, Cu2+) in the treated water are significantly lower than their maximal permissible concentrations. The electric spark method allows us to achieve highly efficient results of wastewater treatment from heavy metals.
Highlights
Wastewaters that contain heavy metals present an environmental risk
Pulsed electric discharge in a liquid is by a sharp increase of pressure, exposure to strong electromagnetic and acoustic accompanied by a sharp increase of pressure, exposure to strong fields, cavitation, which creates a powerful flow of liquid that converges and diverges, a sharp rise in electromagnetic and acoustic fields, cavitation, which creates a powerful flow of liquid that temperature, and so on
It is shown that the degree of purification depends on the specific energy and the height of the metal loading of the reactor, and it weakly depends on the pulse energy and the speed of its input
Summary
Wastewaters that contain heavy metals present an environmental risk. Anthropogenic sources of biosphere pollution by heavy metals include ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy enterprises (aerosol emissions, industrial discharges), mechanical engineering (galvanic baths, copper plating, nickel plating, chrome plating, cadmium plating), battery recycling plants, road transport, and so on [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Heavy metals enter into reservoirs with discharges from mining and metallurgical enterprises, as well as chemical and light industry enterprises, where their compounds are used in various technological processes. Many chromium and nickel salts are used to galvanically coat the surfaces of metal products. The question of finding effective wastewater treatment methods containing heavy metals is an urgent issue.
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