Abstract
The fabrication of underwater devices is necessary for the exploration of water environments and interactions in the Human–Computer Interaction (HCI) field. However, there are fewer approaches to support prototyping used in water environments. The existing prototype methods lack systematic waterproof treatments and provide insufficient software for balance and buoyancy analysis. To address these limitations, we present ElectroPaper, a new approach for the design and fabrication of prototypes used in water environments (surface or beneath) with paper-based electronic interfaces with a crease layer, hardware distribution layer, and hollow-out layer to support physical properties, such as waterproofing, foldability, and conformability. The approach includes a computational design tool for assisting in balance analysis, three-dimensional (3D) model unfolding, and circuit drawing. We describe the design and fabrication process and provide several example applications to illustrate the feasibility and utility of our approach. ElectroPaper provides an inexpensive and effective medium for the fabrication of customized digital prototypes for water environment use.
Highlights
There is a focus on water interactions and underwater devices in the Human– Computer Interaction (HCI) field due to their extensive applications in the exploration of water environments, aquatic recreation, and installation art
We present a design tool that leverages algorithms to flatten 3D models to two-dimensional (2D) representations, which is suitable for papercraft
Waterproofing is essential for electronic prototyping that is applied to water environments
Summary
There is a focus on water interactions and underwater devices in the Human– Computer Interaction (HCI) field due to their extensive applications in the exploration of water environments, aquatic recreation, and installation art These developments cannot be separated from prototypes, which play an important role in concept design and system iteration. Lightweight, environmentally friendly, and foldable, with myriad methods of creative expression through the medium itself [6] We rely on these advantages to fabricate the prototypes used in water environments, and develop ElectroPaper, a low-cost and effective approach to implement them. Several issues should be considered when making paper-based electronic prototypes for water environment use: (1) materials should be waterproof and able to protect the Electronics 2021, 10, 604. We facilitate the creation of low-cost, functional underwater devices from common paper materials
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