Abstract
A simple, rapid, selective, and sensitive electrochemical method for the direct determination of indomethacin was developed. The electrochemical behavior of indomethacin was carried at multiwalled carbon nanotube- (MWCNTs-) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The cyclic voltammetric results indicated that MWCNT-modified glassy carbon electrode remarkably enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of indomethacin in slightly acidic solutions. It led to a considerable improvement of the anodic peak current for indomethacin and could effectively accumulate at this electrode and produce two anodic peaks at 0.720 V and 0.991 V, respectively, and one reduction peak at 0.183 V. The electrocatalytic behavior was further exploited as a sensitive detection scheme for the determination of indomethacin by differential-pulse voltammetry (DPV). Under optimized conditions, the concentration range and detection limit were 0.2 to 6.0 μM and 13.2 nM, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to determination of Indomethacine in pharmaceutical samples. The analytical performance of this sensor has been evaluated for detection of analyte in human serum and urine as real samples.
Highlights
Indomethacin, (Scheme 1) {1-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy2-methyl-3-indolylacetic acid} (INM), a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, is usually regarded as the father figure in the family of nonsteroidal agents
It can be seen that the oxidation peak at the bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was weak and broad due to slow electron transfer, while the response was considerably improved at the multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-modified GCE
At the bare GCE, the peak was at about 0.817 V but, on the MWCNT-modified GCE, the peaks appeared at about 0.720 V and 0.991 V
Summary
Indomethacin, (Scheme 1) {1-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy2-methyl-3-indolylacetic acid} (INM), a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, is usually regarded as the father figure in the family of nonsteroidal agents. INM has two additional modes of actions [1] with clinical importance It inhibits motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and, like salicylates, uncouples oxidative phosphorylation in cartilaginous (and hepatic) mitochondria. These additional effects account as well for the analgesic and the anti-inflammatory properties. Overdose in humans causes drowsiness, dizziness, severe headache, mental confusion, numbness of limbs, nausea and vomiting, severe gastrointestinal bleeding, and cerebral edema and cardiac arrest, its fatal outcome is seen in children. For these reasons, it is important to analyze INM in real samples
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