Abstract
Phenol and chlorophenols were investigated using single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) composite modified glassy carbon electrode (SWCNT/PEDOT/GCE) as a detector in flow injection system. Optimization of experimental variables such as the detection potential, flow rate, and pH of the carrier solution (0.1 M sodium acetate) for the determination of phenol (P), 4-chlorophenol (CP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) were performed. Under these conditions, analytical parameters were calculated from the calibration curve of measured amperometric responses as a function of concentrations of phenol and chlorophenols. The designed electrode exhibited very good analytical performance. The designed electrode was tested with 20 repetitive injections of each analyte and showed good operational stability. The analytical performance of the SWCNT/PEDOT/GCE electrode under flow through conditions was tested and was found to be impressive. The electrode showed a wider dynamic range for the detection of phenol and chlorophenols with low limits of detection compared with other enzymatic and nonenzymatic sensors. These results suggest that the method is quite useful for the analysis and monitoring of phenols and chlorophenols.
Highlights
Phenolic compounds include a large class of compounds that are common in nature and partly formed as a result of biodegradation of natural compounds
A conventional three-electrode cell was used for measurements, with a bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) (3 mm diameter), single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT)/PEDOT/GCE was used as the working electrode, Ag/AgCl (3 M NaCl) was used as a reference electrode, and a platinum wire was used as counter electrode
The bare GCE was modified with PEDOT film
Summary
Phenolic compounds include a large class of compounds that are common in nature and partly formed as a result of biodegradation of natural compounds. The applications of phenol and its derivatives represent potential source of pollution and affect aquatic organisms [7] including algae and aquatic spermatophytes These toxic phenols and phenolic derivatives are released to the environment and their identification and quantification are of great importance in environmental monitoring. Carbon nanotubes have remarkable electrical properties, such as high specific surface area and chemical stability [28,29,30], and can be used as electrode material to promote electron transfer between electroactive species and the electrode. A number of electrode materials based on CNTconducting polymer composite were used for the determination of phenol and its derivatives in batch system, few researchers investigated the use of CNT-conducting polymer composites as detectors in flow injection analysis. To the best of our knowledge the modification and application of the SWCNT/PEDOT/GCE modified electrode as an amperometric phenol and chlorophenols detector had not been reported so far
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