Abstract
A new electronically tunable mixed-mode biquadratic filter with three current controlled current conveyor transconductance amplifiers (CCCCTAs) and two grounded capacitors is proposed. With current input, the filter can realise lowpass (LP), bandpass (BP), highpass (HP), bandstop (BS) and allpass (AP) responses in current mode and LP, BP and HP responses in transimpedance mode. With voltage input, the filter can realise LP, BP, HP, BS and AP responses in voltage and transadmittance modes. Other attractive features of the mixed-mode biquadratic filter are (1) the use of two grounded capacitors, which is ideal for integrated circuit implementation; (2) orthogonal control of the quality factor (Q) and resonance angular frequency (ωo) for easy electronic tenability; (3) low input impedance and high output impedance for current signals; (4) high input impedance for voltage signal; (5) avoidance of need for component-matching conditions; (6) resistorless and electronically tunable structure; (7) low active and passive sensitivities; and (8) independent control of the voltage transfer gains without affecting the parameters ωo and Q.
Highlights
Current-mode active elements have attracted the attention of analogue circuit designers because of their advantages over conventional operational amplifiers, which include higher accuracy, wider frequency response, larger dynamic range, greater linearity, lower power consumption and simpler implementation [1,2]
This study proposes a new configuration for realising electronically tunable mixed-mode universal biquadratic filters
RZi− //CZi−, a port O1 parasitic is in the form RO1i //CO1i, a port O2 parasitic is in the form RO2i //CO2i, a port –O1 parasitic is in the form R–O1i //C–O1i, a port –O2 parasitic is in the form R–O2i //C–O2i, and a port X parasitic is in the form RXi where i = 1, 2, 3 and indicates the ith current conveyor transconductance amplifiers (CCCCTAs)
Summary
Current-mode active elements have attracted the attention of analogue circuit designers because of their advantages over conventional operational amplifiers, which include higher accuracy, wider frequency response, larger dynamic range, greater linearity, lower power consumption and simpler implementation [1,2]. No no no no no no no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no no no no yes no no no no no no yes yes yes yes yes no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no yes no no no yes no no no no no no yes no yes no yes yes no no no yes no no no yes yes yes yes no no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no no yes yes yes no yes yes no no yes no no yes yes yes yes yes no no no no yes no no no no no no no yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes (1) resistorless and electronically tunable structure; (2) simultaneous realisation of three generic filtering responses in all the four possible modes; (3) capability to realise bandstop and allpass filtering responses in the voltage mode, current mode and transadmittance mode without critical component-matching conditions; (4) low-input and high-output impedances for current signals; (5) high-input impedance for voltage signal; (6) use of only grounded capacitors; (7) orthogonal control of the parameters quality factor (Q) and resonance angular frequency (ωo ) of the filter; (8) independent control of the voltage mode filter gains without affecting the parameters Q and ωo ; and (9) low active and passive sensitivity performances
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