Abstract
Electronic structures, energy levels alignment and electronic interactions of a series of phthalocyanine and Ru-polypyridine dyes at the interfaces of dyes/TiO 2 films have been studied by photoelectron spectroscopy. The shifts of carboxylic C 1s core level binding energies of carboxylated dye complexes at different adsorption states indicate that the dyes are mainly adsorbed on the nanoporous TiO 2 surface via carboxylic groups. The relative positions of the highest occupied molecular orbitals/the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO/LUMO) of these phthalocyanine and Ru-polypyridine dyes with respective to the conduction band (CB) of TiO 2 were determined from a combination of X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission (XPS and UPS) measurements and further compared with their corresponding electrochemical oxidation potentials. Both measurements support the general picture of Ru-polypyridine complexes that their HOMO has predominately core metal Ru 4d(t 2g) character while for phthalocyanine dyes the HOMO energy levels are more related to their chromophores.
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