Electronic and transport properties of azobenzene monolayer junctions as molecular switches

Abstract

We investigate from first principles the change in transport properties of a two-dimensional azobenzene monolayer sandwiched between two Au electrodes that undergoes molecular switching. We focus on transport differences between a chemisorbed and physisorbed top monolayer-electrode contact. The conductance of the monolayer junction with a chemisorbed top contact is higher in the trans configuration, in agreement with the previous theoretical predictions of one-dimensional single-molecule junctions. However, with a physisorbed top contact, the ON state, with larger conductance, is associated with the cis configuration due to a reduced effective tunneling pathway, which successfully explains recent experimental measurements on azobenzene monolayer junctions. A simple model is developed to explain electron transmission across subsystems in the molecular junction. We also discuss the effects of monolayer packing density, molecule tilt angle, and contact geometry on the calculated transmission functions. In particular, we find that a tip-like contact with chemisorption significantly affects the electric current through the cis monolayer, leading to highly asymmetric current-voltage characteristics as well as large negative differential resistance behavior.