Abstract
Anodic oxide films were prepared from pure aluminium, titanium, niobium, tantatlum and tungsten, and examined by direct transmission electron microscopy. Crystallization of the films by electron beam heating was induced in situ, and the mechanism of crystalllization and the phases formed were identified. With the exception of titanium, the oxides were amorphous in the as-formed condition. All the phases were identified as crystallographically equivalent or closely identical to those previously reported in the literature. The defect structure of the phases and the mode of crystallization were completely different for each oxide and characteristic of that oxide.
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