Abstract
Abstract Methods are described for improving the accuracy and sensitivity of measurements of the electric response of crystals piezoelectrically or electrostrictively excited to natural modes of vibration. In such way it is feasible to simultaneously determine linear as well as nonlinear electromechanical and elastic properties on the same specimen. This is especially useful for investigating crystals near ferroelectric phase transitions as shown for barium titanate. The temperature dependence of second-and third-order elastic compliance and of third-order dielectric constant can be explained by distortion of centrosymmetry.
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