Electromagnetic waves propagation in normal and pathological hemoglobins: Thermodynamic comparative study of the influence of the relative macromolecular variability

Abstract

In the last decades the exposure to human-made electromagnetic fields is strongly increased. Considering that all biological tissues interact with electromagnetic it is clear that more studies are needed to deepen the knowledge acquired to date on the effects on human health. This paper study the waves propagation on differently substituted hemoglobins, homozygous hemoglobin SS and heterozygous hemoglobin SC comparing with adult normal hemoglobin AA. After recall briefly the non-equilibrium thermodynamic theory with internal variables, we introduce the explicit form of the phenomenological and state coefficients as function of the perturbation frequency by mean of which we determine the real and imaginary part of the wave number K and the phase velocity of the wave for the three solutions. The difference between them suggests the beta 6 amino acid substitution as the main prerequisite for these variations. The results obtained from the application of our mathematical model can contribute to the interpretation of the structural functionality of the different hemoglobins and improve the development of biomedical applications in diagnostic and therapeutic technologies.