Abstract
Electromagnetic metering offers significant promise in the measurement of low-conductivity medium like in multiphase flow. Such measurements rely on the measurement of conductivity contrasts formed by two medium of substances, one substance being conductive and the other being non-conductive. In these conditions, it is assumed that the permittivity-induced displacement current is small compared to eddy current induced by conductivity, therefore the displacement current is usually ignored. The present study demonstrates, through solution of the electromagnetic forward problem and pilot tests, that the temporal, spatial and frequency related permittivity and conductivity changes are all captured by the induced electrical voltage measurement. Permittivity reflects in the amplitude and the conductivity reflects both in the amplitude and the phase angle of the voltage. The weight of each parameter to the voltage measurement is studied here. The findings of the study disclose that an electromagnetic metering system may offer advantages in continuously monitoring and measuring hydrocarbon contents and solid concentrations via both the amplitude and phase shift changes.
Highlights
The volatility of oil prices and the finiteness of the resources have challenged the petroleum industry to change its traditional operating schemes in order to optimise their processes and increase the energy efficiency and sustainability of the fields
MACROSCOPIC ELECTROMAGNETIC BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS This section addresses the effects of frequency excitation and spatial fluid configuration on the intensity of the induced currents. It characterises the electromagnetic behaviour of the meter to various flow mixtures by addressing the influence of permittivity and conductivity on the signal measured by the receiving sensor across a pipeline
The present study expands on the existing literature and addresses the feasibility of deriving the permittivity from electromagnetic measurements
Summary
The volatility of oil prices and the finiteness of the resources have challenged the petroleum industry to change its traditional operating schemes in order to optimise their processes and increase the energy efficiency and sustainability of the fields. After over two decades since the implementations of the first generations of flow meters, MFM is present in most transport process within the value chain of the petroleum industry, going from well clean-up operations to production allocation and custody transfer [2]. Available MFM systems are intrinsically complex leading to existing commercial devices with uncertainties ranging from 5% to 20% or more on each of the flowing phases. Most of these MFM developments, target volume fraction and velocity measurements of water and
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