Abstract
Superconducting electric propulsion systems, characterized by high power densities and efficiencies, provide a possibility to zero carbon emission for future aviation. Stacks of high temperature superconducting (HTS) coated conductors (CCs) have become an alternative for high field magnets applied to superconducting machines, given their excellent field trapping ability and thermal stability. High-frequency ripple fields always exist in high-speed electric machines. Most research work regarding HTS trapped field stacks (TFSs) was focused on their magnetization methods and amplitude of trapped flux density; however, their performance in the high-frequency environment remains unclear. Despite several numerical models established for flat HTS TFSs, a comprehensive analysis of curved ones is still lacking, which possess geometrical applicability for cylindrical rotating shafts. Aimed at exploring the electromagnetic properties of curved HTS TFSs applied to high-speed rotating machines, a 3D numerical model considering both the multilayer structure and the Jc (B) dependence of HTS CCs has been built. Current and magnetic flux density distributions, as well as loss properties of a curved HTS TFS have been studied in detail, under perpendicular and cross fields with varying frequencies ranging from 50 Hz to 20 kHz. Results have shown that, the widely adopted two-dimensional-axisymmetric models are inapplicable to study the electromagnetic distributions of TFSs because of the emergence of the electromagnetic criss-cross defined in this paper. High-frequency ripple fields can drive induced current towards the periphery of the HTS TFS due to the skin effect, leading to a fast rise of AC loss and even an irreversible demagnetization of the stack. This paper has qualified and quantified the high-frequency electromagnetic behaviours of curved HTS TFSs, providing a useful reference for their loss controlling and anti-demagnetization design in high-speed propulsion machines.
Highlights
Emissions from aircraft, composed of carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulphates, etc., are causing dramatic air xxxx-xxxx/xx/xxxxxxExposed to alternating cross fields, high temperature superconductor (HTS) stacks experience a decrease of the trapped field [21,22,23,24], and a possible demagnetization can happen in a certain situation
Exposed to alternating cross fields, HTS stacks experience a decrease of the trapped field [21,22,23,24], and a possible demagnetization can happen in a certain situation
The influence of high-frequency cross fields on HTS trapped field stacks (TFSs) considering the multilayer structure of each CC is still unknown, i.e. a corresponding 3D numerical modelling work is still lacking
Summary
Exposed to alternating cross fields, HTS stacks experience a decrease of the trapped field [21,22,23,24], and a possible demagnetization can happen in a certain situation. The demagnetization of field-trapped magnets would be disastrous for aircraft propulsion and generation systems. According to our previous research work [25,26,27,28], at frequencies higher than 100 Hz, it is necessary to consider the multilayer physical structure of HTS CCs to quantify magnetization loss due to the skin effect. The influence of high-frequency cross fields on HTS TFSs considering the multilayer structure of each CC is still unknown, i.e. a corresponding 3D numerical modelling work is still lacking
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