Abstract
The effects of free volume holes in the photographic gelatin in the electroless deposition process was studied by positron annihilation technology in this paper. The results show that, after complete activation, the average volume of the free volume holes in photographic gelatin decreased by about 0.011 nm3 which is equivalent to the volume of a gold atom. On an average basis, every free volume hole was filled by a gold atom which catalysed the electroless copper deposition. The copper grain formed in the electroless copper deposition was not filamentary in shape but a spherical stack. After electroless copper deposition was completed, the average volume of the free volume holes in the photographic gelatin decreased by about 0.020 nm3 which is equivalent to the volume of three copper atoms. Therefore, the deposition of copper in isotropic and spherical form was not hindered by free volume holes in photographic gelatin.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
