Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) provides a promising approach to curbing harmful emissions contributing to global warming. However, several challenges hinder the commercialization of this technology, including high overpotentials, electrode instability, and low Faradic efficiencies of desirable products. Several materials have been developed to overcome these challenges. This mini-review discusses the recent performance of various cobalt (Co) electrocatalysts, including Co-single atom, Co-multi metals, Co-complexes, Co-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), Co-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs), Co-nitrides, and Co-oxides. These materials are reviewed with respect to their stability of facilitating CO2 conversion to valuable products, and a summary of the current literature is highlighted, along with future perspectives for the development of efficient CO2RR.
Highlights
The excessive combustion of fossil fuels has caused massive carbon dioxide (CO2 )emissions, leading to rapid global environmental changes such as global warming, air pollution, desertification, acid rains, rise in sea levels, and extreme weather conditions [1].The threats to human life and the environment due to high CO2 emissions are increasing day by day with growing energy demands
According to the Global Warming Potential (GWP) updates by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), CO2 has a GWP value of 1, which is lower than the value of CH4, N2 O, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and other greenhouse gases
The electrochemical reduction of CO2 using single-atom catalysts to generate highvalue products is an attractive means of addressing the effects of alarming CO2 emissions and the associated problems
Summary
The excessive combustion of fossil fuels has caused massive carbon dioxide (CO2 ). Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 2029 greenhouse gases, reflecting the severe contribution of CO2 in global warming To prevent these harmful impacts, the Paris Climate Agreement was signed by United Nations to limit the rise in temperature to 2 ◦ C in the 21st century above the pre-industrial levels and pursuing to reduce it to 1.5 ◦ C. Many expensive noble-metal electrocatalysts such as Au, Ag and Pd-based electrocatalysts have been employed for CO2 RR, exhibiting high electrocatalytic performances, selectivity, and stability with low overpotential [87]. Their wide use applications for CO2 RR have been hampered by their high cost. High activity, outstanding stability and product selectivity are achieved through Co-based catalysts for CO2 reduction [84,102].
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