Electrochemical Performance of Lithium-Ion Capacitors Using Pre-Lithiated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Anode

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Pre-lithiated multiwalled carbon nanotube anode was prepared by internal short circuit approach(ISC) for 5[Formula: see text]min, 30[Formula: see text]min, 60[Formula: see text]min and 120[Formula: see text]min respectively. Lithium ion capacitors (LICs) were assembled by using pre-lithiated multiwalled carbon nanotubes as anodes and activated carbon (AC) as cathodes. The structure of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and electrodes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrochemical performance of pre-lithiated multiwalled carbon nanotube electrodes and pristine carbon nanotube electrodes were tested by galvanostatic charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance. The results indicated that pre-lithiation carbon nanotubes greatly improved the charge/discharge performance of LICs. The energy density was four times than conventional electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) at the current density of 100[Formula: see text]mA/g. The LICs achieved a specific capacitance of 59.3[Formula: see text]F/g at the current density of 100[Formula: see text]mA/g with 60[Formula: see text]min pre-lithiatiation process. The maximum energy density and power density was 96[Formula: see text]Wh/kg and 4035[Formula: see text]W/kg, respectively. The energy density still remained about 89.0% after 1000 cycles. The LIC showed excellent supercapacitor performance.