Abstract
In healthcare, new diagnostic tools that help in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of diseases rapidly and accurately are in high demand. For in-situ measurement of disease or infection biomarkers, point-of-care devices provide a dramatic speed advantage over conventional techniques, thus aiding clinicians in decision-making. During the last decade, paper-based analytical devices, combining paper substrates and electrochemical detection components, have emerged as important point-of-need diagnostic tools. This review highlights significant works on this topic over the last five years, from 2015 to 2019. The most relevant articles published in 2018 and 2019 are examined in detail, focusing on device fabrication techniques and materials applied to the production of paper fluidic and electrochemical cell architectures as well as on the final device assembly. Two main approaches were identified, that are, on one hand, those ones where the fabrication of the electrochemical cell is done on the paper substrate, where the fluidic structures are also defined, and, on the other hand, the fabrication of those ones where the electrochemical cell and liquid-driving paper component are defined on different substrates and then heterogeneously assembled. The main limitations of the current technologies are outlined and an outlook on the current technology status and future prospects is given.
Highlights
For the proper healthcare of people, rapid, accurate, and minimally invasive diagnostic tools are in high demand that enable assessing the onset and/or monitoring of diseases by detecting specific disease biomarkers
Apart from the origami strategy followed in the previously described works, there are other reported approaches where the electrochemical cell and the microfluidic components are fabricated in separated paper substrates
Since Whitesides and co-workers’ pioneering work on paper microfluidics in 2007 [60], there has been a huge progress in the development of patterned paper architectures using a bunch of
Summary
For the proper healthcare of people, rapid, accurate, and minimally invasive diagnostic tools are in high demand that enable assessing the onset and/or monitoring of diseases by detecting specific disease biomarkers. For in-situ analyses, the so-called point-of-care (POC) devices group a wide range of diagnostic tools, exhibiting a dramatic speed advantage over conventional techniques, allowing the early detection of biomarkers, and facilitating proactive disease treatment and avoiding disease progression to more serious states. Paper-based analytical devices, combining a paper substrate and electrochemical detection, appear to be very convenient for different healthcare scenarios. One of the most important of the paperthe is its porosity, which theaction solution to characteristics of the paper is characteristics its porosity, which allows solution to flow viaallows capillary without flow via capillary action without the need for external pumping sources. Electrochemical detection the need for external pumping sources. S. Henry et al [1], showing the year of publication of the pioneering work by C. Henry et al [1], showing the potential of coupling potential of coupling electrochemical detection and paper-based microfluidic approaches for the electrochemical detection and paper-based microfluidic approaches for the multiplex detection multiplex detection of glucose, lactate, and uric acid in biological samples
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
