Abstract
This study focuses on the electrochemical behavior of thin-layer fibrous carbide-derived carbon (CDC) electrospun electrodes in commercial and research and development stage organic-solvent and ionic liquid (IL) based electrolytes. The majority of earlier published works stated various electrolytes with asymmetric cells of powder-based pressure-rolled (PTFE), or slurry-cast electrodes, were significantly different from the presented CDC-based fibrous spun electrodes. The benefits of the fibrous structure are relatively low thickness (20 µm), flexibility and mechanical durability. Thin-layered durable electrode materials are gaining more interest and importance in mechanically more demanding applications such as the space industry and in wearable devices, and need to achieve a targeted balance between mechanical, electrical and electrochemical properties. The existing commercial electrode technologies lack compatibility in such applications due to their limited mechanical properties and high cost. The test results showed that the widest potential window dU ≤ 3.5 V was achieved in 1.5 M 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumbis(trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl)imide (EMIm-TFSI) solution in acetonitrile (ACN). Gravimetric capacitance reached 105.6 F g−1 for the positively charged electrode. Cycle-life results revealed stable material capacitance and resistance over 3000 cycles.
Highlights
Supercapacitors, known as electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLC) are energy storage devices with the advantage over conventional capacitors of having significantly higher energy density in a wide range of power capabilities, combined with a long cycle-life [1]
Afterwards, the prepared electrodes were assembled into three-electrode test cells with a glass fiber separator, including a large carbon counter and reference electrodes (RE).and an average coat weight of 1.86 g m−2 and dried under vacuum at 100 ◦ C for 24 h to remove absorbed gases and water
The galvanostatic charge-discharge method was performed in the four different electrolytes: two ionic liquid (IL) and two quaternary ammonium salt-based solutions
Summary
Supercapacitors, known as electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLC) are energy storage devices with the advantage over conventional capacitors of having significantly higher energy density in a wide range of power capabilities, combined with a long cycle-life [1]. The energy storage process in EDLCs is fast and reversible due to the physical adsorption process of electrolyte ions on the carbon surface. EDLCs containing ACN-based electrolytes out-perform those containing propylene carbonate, especially regarding power density and specific energy at lower temperatures. Even a small amount of water can dramatically reduce the electrochemical stability of ILs. Typically, industrial supercapacitors utilize porous carbon electrodes with high specific surface areas. Several carbon candidates such as fullerenes [15], carbon nanotubes [16]; graphene [17] and CDCs [18], have been reported for electric double layer capacitor applications Each of these compounds presents exceptional properties for capacitor electrodes. EDLCs store energy in the electrochemical double layer formed between the carbon electrode’s surface and the electrolyte’s ions. The study outlines the importance of electrolyte selection for the optimization of any EDLC’s electrochemical performance
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