Electrochemical DNA Sensor Based on Acridine Yellow Adsorbed on Glassy Carbon Electrode.

Tatjana Kulikova,Gennady Evtugyn,Alexey Rogov,Anna Porfireva

doi:10.3390/s21227763

Tatjana Kulikova, Gennady Evtugyn + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/s21227763

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Abstract

Electrochemical DNA sensors offer unique opportunities for the sensitive detection of specific DNA interactions. In this work, a voltametric DNA sensor is proposed on the base of glassy carbon electrode modified with carbon black, adsorbed acridine yellow and DNA for highly sensitive determination of doxorubicin antitumor drug. The signal recorded by cyclic voltammetry was attributed to irreversible oxidation of the dye. Its value was altered by aggregation of the hydrophobic dye molecules on the carbon black particles. DNA molecules promote disaggregation of the dye and increased the signal. This effect was partially suppressed by doxorubicin compensate for the charge of DNA in the intercalation. Sensitivity of the signal toward DNA and doxorubicin was additionally increased by treatment of the layer with dimethylformamide. In optimal conditions, the linear range of doxorubicin concentrations determined was 0.1 pM–1.0 nM, and the detection limit was 0.07 pM. No influence of sulfonamide medicines and plasma electrolytes on the doxorubicin determination was shown. The DNA sensor was tested on two medications (doxorubicin-TEVA and doxorubicin-LANS) and showed recoveries of 102–105%. The DNA sensor developed can find applications in the determination of drug residues in blood and for the pharmacokinetics studies.

Highlights

DNA sensors have found increasing attention in recent decades due to the variety of opportunities they offer in molecular biology, pharmacy, diagnostics of pathogenic bacteria and viruses and carcinogen monitoring [1,2,3,4]
Electrochemical detection principles offer many opportunities to solve the problems of the response by the implementation of catalytic redox conversion of redox labels/indicators and recording changes in the conditions of the electron transfer caused by DNA interactions
We report on electrochemical performance of acridine yellow (AY) within the surface layer of carbon black (CB) as transducer of the DNA sensor

Summary

Introduction

DNA sensors have found increasing attention in recent decades due to the variety of opportunities they offer in molecular biology, pharmacy, diagnostics of pathogenic bacteria and viruses and carcinogen monitoring [1,2,3,4]. Most commercialized applications of DNA sensors utilize detection of hybridization events between the DNA probe and a biological target associated with particular genes [5,6], the determination of small molecules able to interact with the DNA molecules has become important Such DNA sensors make it possible to determine antitumor drugs [7,8,9], DNA damaging factors [10,11,12] and other biomolecules affecting steric DNA structure [13]. Redox active labels and diffusionally free redox indicators have been utilized for an analyte detection Changes in their signals are caused by electrostatic interactions or steric hindrance of the electron transfer resulted from the NDA—analyte interaction. The measurement protocol is complicated, with the necessity of covalent attachment of labels and non-specific signal changes related to the adsorption of the redox indicators on the electrode

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