Abstract
The rise of atmospheric CO2 levels must be slowed, or better reverted, to avoid further undesirable climate change. Electrochemical reduction of CO2 into value-added chemicals using renewable energy is one approach to help address this problem as it will recycle ‘spent’ CO2 (carbon neutral cycle) and it provides a method to store or utilize otherwise wasted excess renewable energy from intermittent sources, both reducing our dependence on fossil fuels. Current electrolysis cells accomplish either high Faradaic efficiency (often >95% selectivity) for a desired product (e.g. CO), or reasonable current density (conversion), whereas both need to be high for a commercial process. This review will discuss current status and opportunities for catalyst design, electrolyte choice, and electrode structure.
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