Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Multicarbon Products on Non-Copper Based Catalysts.

Abstract

Electrochemical CO2reduction reaction (eCO2RR) to value-added multicarbon (C2+) products offers a promising approach for achieving carbon neutrality and storing intermittent renewable energy. Copper (Cu)-based electrocatalysts generally play the predominant role in this process. Yet recently, more and more non-Cu materials have demonstrated the capability to convert CO2into C2+, which provides impressive production efficiency even exceeding those on Cu, and a wider variety of C2+compounds not achievable with Cu counterparts. This motivates us to organize the present review to make a timely and tutorial summary of recent progresses on developing non-Cu based catalysts for CO2-to-C2+.We begin by elucidating the reaction pathways for C2+formation, with anemphasison the unique C-C coupling mechanisms in non-Cu electrocatalysts.Subsequently, we summarize the typical C2+-involved non-Cu catalysts, includingds-,d- andp-block metals, as well as metal-free materials, presenting the state-of-the-art design strategies toenhanceC2+efficiency. The system upgrading to promote C2+productivity on non-Cu electrodescoveringmicrobial electrosynthesis, electrolyte engineering, regulation of operational conditions, and synergistic co-electrolysis, is highlighted as well.Our review concludes with an exploration of the challenges and future opportunities in this rapidly evolving field.