Abstract
The titanium alloy, Ti6Al4V, is used in dentistry for dental implants because of its excellent resistance to corrosion and its high biocompatibility. However, periimplantitis is considered the main reason for treatment failure. The Ti6Al4V alloy was used to study the corrosion behavior for dental implant applications, using an experimental arrangement of three electrodes with the bacteria Streptococcus gordonii and Fusobacterium nucleatum, in addition to Ringer’s lactate as electrolytes, at 37 °C and a pH of 5.6. Their electrochemical behavior was studied by open circuit potential (OCP) and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) according to ASTM G3-14 and ASTM G61-11, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to determine the morphology of the alloy studied. An experimental model, in situ, was established with the bacteria present in an oral environment to understand the electrochemical behavior of the alloy used in dental implants. The greatest corrosion in Ti6Al4V alloy was produced by the medium that contained the bacterium Streptococcus gordonii, which is considered a primary colonizer. In addition, the Ti6Al4V alloy presented uniform corrosion in the three solutions at the different exposure times showing a negative hysteresis in CPP.
Highlights
The pure titanium and titanium alloys are known for their use in dental practice owing to their good corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and biofunctionality in the human body [1,2,3,4,5]
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to determine the morphology of the alloys studied. Their electrochemical behavior was studied by open circuit potential (OCP) and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP)
Only Streptococcus gordonii bacteria were used, while the other was a mixture of both bacteria [33], where inoculation was in a 1:1 ratio in a new sterile tryptic casein broth (TSB) medium at a concentration of 1 × 106 CFU/mL with a McFarland turbidity of 0.5 in a final volume of 1 mL with incubation at 37 ◦ C
Summary
The pure titanium and titanium alloys are known for their use in dental practice owing to their good corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and biofunctionality in the human body [1,2,3,4,5]. The use of titanium dental implants has revolutionized oral implantology. In the USA, about 300,000 patients a year currently receive dental implants [6,7]. Periodontal disease is one of the main causes of loss of dental support tissue, and the reason for dental loss. It is known that its origin is mainly bacterial [8,9]. There are many stages of Materials 2020, 13, 4185; doi:10.3390/ma13184185 www.mdpi.com/journal/materials
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