Electrocardiogram voltage discordance: interpretation of low QRS voltage only in the limb leads

Abstract

Introduction Low voltage on the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) is defined as QRS voltage less than 5 mm in all limb leads and less than 10 mm in all precordial leads. The clinical correlate of an ECG with low voltage in the limb leads but normal precordial QRS amplitudes is unclear. Methods Twelve-lead ECGs with QRS voltage less than 5 mm in all limb leads and more than 10 mm in at least 2 contiguous precordial leads were collected. Presence of clinical conditions associated with low voltage was determined from clinical data and chest imaging. Results Fifty-one of 100 patients had voltage discordant ECGs that correlated with conditions known to cause diffuse low voltage. Among those without associated conditions, 63% had dilated ventricles, with an average ejection fraction of 33%. Conclusions Low voltage isolated to the limb leads is associated with the same conditions that cause diffuse low voltage in only half of patients. In the remainder, more than 60% have dilated cardiomyopathies.