Electro-pumping paradigm of non-Newtonian blood with tetra-hybrid nanoparticles infusion in a ciliated artery

Abstract

The electrokinetics-based pumping mechanism is on emergence to cater to a wide range of applications in medical sciences, bioengineering, microscale transport, biosensing, medical process monitoring, and beyond, owing to its versatile capabilities. This research aims to report the electro-pumping paradigm of Phan–Thien–Tanner (PTT) blood flow infused with tetra-hybrid nanoparticles in the ciliated artery pathway and examine how cilia on the artery’s wall impact the proposed pumping process, taking into account the presence of entropy generation. The devised streaming model is configured by encountering the assembled impact of heat origination, viscous and Joule heating, and thermal slip boundary conditions. Blood serves as the base fluid containing dispersed nanoparticles of gold, silver, alumina, and titania. To acquire solutions for the dimensionless model equations, a novel semi-analytical technique is prosecuted. The computational outcomes unveil significant contributions from key control parameters, shedding light on their substantial impacts and implications. The worthy findings are that electro-osmotic forces have been seen to have a significant impact on the mobility of tetra-hybrid nanoparticles-infused blood through the artery, potentially aiding in maintaining adequate blood pressure during cardiac surgeries for medical practitioners. An uprising in the Joule heating parameter is associated with a significant boost in the blood temperature profile. Longer cilia lengths lead to an uplift in entropy generation within the artery.