Abstract
New cement-based materials designed with advanced electrical and thermal properties could allow for effective electrical to thermal energy conversion, empowering novel energy related functionalities in sustainable concrete construction. In this study, the electrical-to-thermal energy conversion ability of mortars reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nanofibers (CNFs) was evaluated by adjusting their conductivity and energy storage properties, as prior assessment has been limited to the evaluation of the temperature rise and/or heating rate. It was found that the degree of CNT and CNF dispersion, high values of electrical and thermal conductivity, and negligible values of electrical and thermal storage capacity are critical in achieving an almost complete conversion of electrical to thermal energy, reaching electrothermal efficiency as high as 99.4%. The optimization of the electrothermal efficiency of mortars reinforced with low amounts of uniformly dispersed CNTs and CNFs, resulted in high heating rates under the application of AC voltages as low as 2V. This low voltage ensures negligible potential for cracking and damage due to thermal shock.
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