Abstract
Ferroelectric Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 has potential in exhibiting oxide-ion conductive characteristics at higher temperatures due to their high leakage current. In this study, K+ and Ga3+ co-doped Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 ceramics are synthesized using the conventional solid-state reaction method, and their conduction mechanism and electrical performance are investigated. The compounds with dominant oxygen-ion conduction are identified and their stability in the presence of nitrogen is analyzed. The bulk conductivity of the ceramics is improved by decreasing the concentration of K+ associated with an enhanced Na/K–O vibration. Excess K+ dopants hinder oxygen vacancy migration owing to the attraction effect on oxygen vacancies VO•• and A-site acceptor KBi'', and narrow the oxygen vacancy migration channel. The oxygen vacancy concentration, tolerate factor, specific free volume, relaxation parameter, and critical radius are used to discuss the conductive properties. The results demonstrate that an appropriate amount of K+ and Ga3+ doping promotes the oxide-ionic conductivity, which is helpful for tailoring the electrical properties of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-based oxygen-ion conductors.
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