Abstract
This paper is mostly a review of the progress made at NIST in pursuing acapacitance standard based on the charge of the electron. We briefly introduce theCoulomb blockade, which is the basic physical phenomenon allowing control ofsingle electrons, describe two types of single-electron tunnelling (SET) device anddescribe the metrology goals and payoffs achievable from SET devices. We thendiscuss the electron-counting capacitance standard (ECCS): the motivation,previous experimental work on various critical elements, present status andfuture prospects. This last part includes using the ECCS for a practicalrepresentation of capacitance, as well as pointing out that we can close thequantum metrology triangle without needing a large-value current standard.Finally, we briefly review other SET-based metrological applications.
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