Abstract
Inclusive and intensive performance analysis of electrical equalizers in a short-reach optical system using four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) is presented in this paper. Two equalizers are used—a feedforward equalizer and decision feedback equalizer using the least mean square algorithm. The sensitivity to cut-off frequency for the transmitter and receiver filters, fiber length and number of equalizers taps in the means of the bit error rate vs. optical input power are shown. The analysis reveals the considerable impact of the filters’ bandwidth, particularly in the receiver, on the equalizer performance. These results and their reasons are analyzed and broadly discussed.
Highlights
We have seen a significant increase in the data transmission rate over optical communication systems, which requires the adaptation of both infrastructure and communication methods
The first and expected result that was consistent throughout all simulations is the increase in the bit error rate (BER) as the fiber was longer
A different wavelength will lead to a different D [16], which corresponds to a slight change in fiber length
Summary
We have seen a significant increase in the data transmission rate over optical communication systems, which requires the adaptation of both infrastructure and communication methods. One of these is short-range communication in data centers, which requires especially high rates and capacity. The intensity modulation and direct detection techniques have the advantage of simplicity; they can cause critical problems, especially at high rates, such as chirping, signal-dependent noise, and non-linearity of the system. In the presence of ISI, the non-linearity impact is even greater and can stifle the detection of the data
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