Electrical conductivity and Vickers microhardness of composites synthesized from multiwalled carbon nanotubes and carbon spheres with poly(methyl methacrylate): a comparative study

Abstract

Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes, they have been intensely studied as filler materials into different matrices, including polymers to obtaining composites with enhancing properties. Carbon spheres are other type of nanostructures that have not been enough studied as reinforcement material. Polymeric composites with enhanced properties have gradually replaced many of the conventional materials in several areas. In this research, a comparative study of composites based in MWCNTs and CSs incorporated in poly(methyl methacrylate) matrices by mixing solution method was carried out. Composites with 2 wt%, 3 wt%, and 4 wt% of MWCNTs and CSs were obtained through solution mixing and were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Carbon sphere composites were observed with better dispersion than carbon nanotube composites through SEM. D, G, and G’ characteristic bands of carbon nanostructures and typical bands of PMMA were observed by Raman spectroscopy in all composites. C–H, C=O, and CH2 vibrations were depicted in composites spectra by FTIR. Vickers microhardness and electrical conductivity of composites were measured. A significant increasing in electrical conductivity was obtained in MWCNTs/PMMA composites, reaching values up to 8.45 × 10–5 S/cm. Nevertheless, the highest electrical conductivity values were observed in CSs composites (7.98 × 10–4 S/cm). Vickers microhardness also was enhanced in all composites; however, CSs/PMMA composites showed the highest values in contrast with MWCNTs/PMMA composites. The major Vickers and electrical conductivity properties of CSs/PMMA composites are attributed to better carbon spheres dispersion into polymer matrix.