Abstract
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly available and are expected to be a large part of the load in future power systems. EV chargers are a relatively new type of load and are mainly interfaced with the grid through power electronics. It is therefore important to investigate the impact they have on power system dynamic behaviour. In this paper, two detailed EV charger models (representing a typical slow and fast charger) were investigated. The aim was to test the capability of standard static—and more importantly, dynamic—load models, commonly used in power system studies, to represent the static and dynamic behaviour of EV chargers. Different control parameter settings for two types of EV chargers were investigated, as were the limits of standard power system dynamic load model structures’ accurate representation. Typical parameter sets have also been provided for cases where proper representation was possible.
Highlights
Charger Static and DynamicIn several countries, electric vehicles (EVs) are being introduced at a fast pace
The curve fitting exercise conducted for these results effectively revealed that a first-order approach could not adequately represent the actual response of the EV charger for certain parameters
This paper investigated the performance of a common dynamic load model used in power system studies—its ability to represent the dynamic behaviour of EVs in response to voltage disturbances
Summary
Electric vehicles (EVs) are being introduced at a fast pace. This change is driven to a large extent by efforts to decarbonise transport, but technical and economic advancements are factors. In detail the dynamic behaviour of EV chargers, including G2V (grid-to-vehicle), V2G (vehicle-to-grid) and residential charging [14,15,16,17,18] Such models are not practical for use in large-scale power system stability and dynamic studies due to the complexity and increased computational effort required. Detailed dynamic models—including the switching behaviour of power electronic converters—were implemented and used to test the capability of typical static load models (ZIP and exponential [5,9,10]) for both charging approaches. It investigated the extent to which standard static and dynamic load models used in power system studies could represent typical slow and fast EV chargers, as well as their sensitivity to changes in control parameters. The paper offers insight on potential limitations of standard models in representing EV charger dynamic behaviour
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