Abstract
Open circuit faults in electronic systems are a common failure mechanism, particularly in large area electronic systems such as display and image sensor arrays, flexible electronics and wearable electronics. To address this problem several methods to self heal open faults in real time have been investigated. One approach of interest to this work is the electric field assisted self-healing (eFASH) of open faults. eFASH uses a low concentration dispersion of conductive particles in an insulating fluid that is packaged over the interconnect. The electric field appearing in the open fault in a current carrying interconnect polarizes the conductive particles and chains them up to create a heal. This work studies the impact of dispersion concentration on the heal time, heal impedance and cross-talk when eFASH is used for self-healing. Theoretical predictions are supported by experimental evidence and an optimum dispersion concentration for effective self-healing is identified.
Highlights
Active approaches involve the automatic real time repair (’self-healing’) of the open circuit fault in the interconnect
We identify the theoretical dependence of each of the performance parameters on the dispersion concentration and find an optimum dispersion concentration that permits most effective healing
To develop analytical models for τh and Rh∞ we consider a current carrying interconnect with an external series resistance Rl driven by a dc voltage Vdc experiencing an open circuit failure resulting in a gap of width s
Summary
Active approaches involve the automatic real time repair (’self-healing’) of the open circuit fault in the interconnect. Healing is achieved by the mere flow of the liquid metal into the open gap Other techniques such as the use of electrically conductive polymers or gels[32,33,34] active transmission line modulation[35], surface energy driven mechanisms[36] have been investigated. EFASH uses a low concentration dispersion (i.e. much lower than the percolation threshold) of electrically conductive particles in an insulating fluid This dispersion is isolated and contained over the interconnects, for eg. Compared to self-healing using liquid metals or conductive inks, self-healing by eFASH is achieved not by the mere flow of the dispersion, but by the particles actively rushing to the site of the fault and locally increasing their concentration (on demand) to form a bridge across the gap.
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