Electric Charging Demand Location Model—A User- and Destination-Based Locating Approach for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

Raphaela Pagany,Roland Zink,Anna Marquardt

doi:10.3390/su11082301

Raphaela Pagany, Roland Zink + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082301

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Abstract

In recent years, with the increased focus on climate protection, electric vehicles (EVs) have become a relevant alternative to conventional motorized vehicles. Even though the market share of EVs is still comparatively low, there are ongoing considerations for integrating EVs in transportation systems. Along with pushing EV sales numbers, the installation of charging infrastructure is necessary. This paper presents a user- and destination-based approach for locating charging stations (CSs) for EVs—the electric charging demand location (ECDL) model. With regard to the daily activities of potential EV users, potential positions for CSs are derived on a micro-location level in public and semipublic spaces using geographic information systems (GIS). Depending on the vehicle users’ dwell times and visiting frequencies at potential points of interest (POIs), the charging demand at such locations is calculated. The model is mainly based on a survey analyzing the average time spent per daily activity, regional data about driver and vehicle ownership numbers, and the georeferenced localization of regularly visited POIs. Optimal sites for parking and charging EVs within the POIs neighborhood are selected based on walking distance calculations, including spatial neighborhood effects, such as the density of POIs. In a case study in southeastern Germany, the model identifies concrete places with the highest overall demand for CSs, resulting in an extensive coverage of the electric energy demand while considering as many destinations within the acceptable walking distance threshold as possible.

Highlights

As a political strategy for fighting climate change by reducing CO2 emissions, national governments in the EU promote electric vehicles (EVs), along with the required charging infrastructure, by providing a range of subsidies for EV users
This paper presents a user- and destination-based approach for locating charging stations (CSs) for EVs—the electric charging demand location (ECDL) model
About 600,000 are potential EV drivers, which are divided into the four user groups: 102,000 young agers, 143,000 mid agers, 224,000 best agers, 153,000 silver agers

Summary

Introduction

As a political strategy for fighting climate change by reducing CO2 emissions, national governments in the EU promote electric vehicles (EVs), along with the required charging infrastructure, by providing a range of subsidies for EV users. In Norway and the Netherlands, about 11,000 and 20,000 new EVs, respectively, were registered from 2011 to 2013 These are the highest EV sales in both absolute and relative numbers in Europe. Regardless of whether EVs will be an interim solution or the ultimate goal in times of mobility changes, the transportation infrastructure has to be transformed in the most sustainable way as possible, from the political point of view, for instance, in terms of governmental subsidies, and from the standpoint of infrastructure and energy suppliers, automotive manufacturers (industry development), and users (awareness)

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