Elasticity and relaxation properties of oral fluid

Abstract

The research is aimed at crating a method for rheological testing of viscoelastic fluids, the droplets of which, when stretched, form thinning filaments, i.e. exhibit the property of spinning. The typical example of such fluid is oral fluid (or mixed saliva). Among other things, the rheological features of the oral fluid actively affect the mechanisms of transmission of infection by airborne droplets. In this work, the oral fluid was studied both from the point of view of a participant in the transmission of infection and as a model for studying the rheology of viscoelastic fluids. The method is based on video recording of the stretching of a drop of the test liquid between the legs of the tweezers and the subsequent spontaneous thinning of the formed capillary filament of the liquid. The process is controlled by the competition of forces of inertia, elasticity, capillarity. By analyzing the video recording, it is possible to trace the contribution of each factor and, within the framework of the Oldroyd/Maxwell rheological constitutive equation (rheological model), determine the numerical values of all model constants. The obtained rheological characteristics of the oral fluid make it possible to theoretically model the processes of the formation of drops of oral fluid during sneezing, coughing, talking, as well as the processes of collision of drops with protective masks, filters and other obstacles. In general, the proposed method of rheological testing is applicable for studying a wide class of viscoelastic fluids, including biological ones. Among the latter are bronchial sputum, synovial fluid, reproductive fluids, and others. The method is distinguished by the simplicity of the experiment and the use of elementary equipment.