Abstract
Four basic types of carbons were prepared, namely from (1) soft filler-soft binder, (2) soft filler-hard binder, (3) hard filler-soft binder and (4) hard filler-hard binder. The room temperature elastic constants and permanent set for these types of carbons were measured as a function of heat-treatment temperature. A sensitive apparatus using linear variable differential transformers was developed for measuring elastic moduli in bending and torsion in which the specimen can be stressed in either of two opposite directions. It was found that the dependence of Young's modulus and rigidity modulus on heat-treatment temperature are similar. Hysteresis loops are observed in both force-deflection and torque-twist measurements; the second and third loops becoming progressively more narrow. Annealing the specimen at 1000°C for a few minutes was found to restore the virgin behavior. Crackling noises are detected when carbon specimens are strained for the first time beyond the limits of previous deflection. Room temperature creep was observed which depends logarithmically on time, showing the absence of viscous creep.
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