Elaboração e validação de instrumento para avaliação dos recursos humanos e materiais na perspectiva da prevenção de lesão por pressão: estudo metodológico

Abstract

The pressure lesion is characterized by a localized damage to the skin and / or soft tissues underlying generally a prominent bony or related to a medical device. Despite the availability in the literature of customer risk assessment scales, the conditions of the scenario in which the client is inserted are not evaluated in terms of human and material resources. Objectives: To identify the human resources and materials essential for the prevention of pressure injuries; develop and validate an instrument for the evaluation of human and material resources from the perspective of pressure injury prevention. Methodology: This is a methodological study, with a qualitative approach and quantitative measures. The methodological course was divided into three phases. In the first phase, an integrative review of the literature was performed, and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two articles were selected, a Resolution of the Federal Nursing Council No. 543/2017, a Protocol for the Prevention of Pressure Ulcer of the Ministry of Health / 2013, in addition to an Anvisa Technical Note no3 / 2017 and a Guideline Prevent and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers: Quick Reference Guide / 2014, which served as the basis for the second phase, instrument elaboration. The third phase was the validation of the instrument by specialist nurses, using the Delphi technique, in the case of this study, nurses graduated by the Brazilian Association of Nursing in Dermatology (SOBENDE). In addition to the qualitative analysis, recommended by the Delphi Technique, we also performed the quantitative analysis, using Content Validity Index with a rate of not less than 0.70 and the coefficient of agreement (AC1) of Gwet. Results: It was evidenced a low agreement rate among the experts from the first round by the Delphi technique, two rounds of questions and answers were necessary so that all the items of the protocol reached Content Validity Index (CVI) of more than 0.70. In the first phase, the IVC related to human and material resources in intermediate care was 0.77, at the IVC threshold considered satisfactory and in the second phase this value was 0.82. Concomitant, in the high-dependency care IVC was 0.73 in the first phase and 0.81 in the second phase. In addition to IVC, the Gwet concordance index (AC1) was used, which considers the modified Likert scale, considered as an optimized extension of the Kappa coefficient, to be more than one relevant category. It was found that AC1 was able to obtain differentiated values from phase I to phase II and consequently migrations in the Landis and Koch classification. The changes suggested by the experts in the first and second phases brought little modification of the instrument in relation to the initial version, whose final version totaled 32 items, 24 for human resources and 8 for material resources. Conclusion: The instrument developed and validated, as a product of the dissertation, will contribute to the practice of nurses, allowing a situational diagnosis of hospitalization units in relation to human and material resources from the perspective of prevention of pressure injury