Abstract
The testament of don Juan de Rivas entitled the king of Spain to become his rightful heir, depriving his sons of their birthright. This document was elaborated in extraordinary circumstances in 1596, and not changed afterwards, so it was applyied at Rivas' death in 1616, when his personal situation had radically changed. To understand the reason or unreason that was behind this testament in order to remain unchanged (and creating great prejudice to his family) is a way of approaching the complexities of the legal and cultural framework in which Rivas lived. This text can also help us to understand how the inheritance system worked in the Army of Flanders and to see the multiple elements, rational or irrational, voluntary or not, that constituted a sociopolitical decision in the Early Modern Age. El testamento de don Juan de Rivas convertia al rey de Espana en su heredero, privando en principio de su patrimonio a sus hijos. Este documento realizado en situacion extraordinaria en 1596, no fue cambiado y se aplico a su muerte en 1616, cuando su situacion personal habia cambiado de manera radical. Comprender las razones o las sinrazones, que hicieron que este militar espanol no cambiara sus ultimas voluntades, perjudicando asi a su familia. Su estudio es una forma de aproximarse a la complejidad del marco juridico y cultural en el que se movia, de entender como funcionaba el sistema testamentario en el ejercito de Flandes y de ver los multiples elementos, racionales o no, voluntarios o no, que constituyen una decision sociopolitica en la Alta edad Moderna.
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