EGT1442, a potent and selective SGLT2 inhibitor, attenuates blood glucose and HbA 1c levels in db/db mice and prolongs the survival of stroke-prone rats

Abstract

Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) is a renal type III integral membrane protein that co-transports sodium and glucose from filtrate to epithelium in the proximal tubule. Human subjects with homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in SLC5A2 exhibit glucosuria without hypoglycemia or other obvious morbidity, suggesting that blockade of SGLT2 has the potential to promote normalization of blood glucose without hypoglycemia in the setting of type 2 diabetes. This report presents the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities of EGT1442, a recently discovered SGLT2 inhibitor in the C-aryl glucoside class. The inhibitory effects of EGT1442 for human SGLT1 and SGLT2 were evaluated in an AMG uptake assay and the in vivo efficacy of treatment with EGT1442 was investigated in rats and dogs after a single dose and in db/db mice after chronic administration. The effect of EGT1442 on median survival of SHRSP rats was also evaluated. The IC 50 values for EGT1442 against human SGLT1 and SGLT2 are 5.6 μM and 2 nM, respectively. In normal rats and dogs a saturable urinary glucose excretion was produced with an ED 50 of 0.38 and 0.09 mg/kg, respectively. Following chronic administration to db/db mice, EGT1442 dose-dependently reduced HbA 1c and blood glucose concentration without affecting body mass or insulin level. Additionally, EGT1442 significantly prolonged the median survival of SHRSP rats. EGT1442 showed favorable properties both in vitro and in vivo and could be beneficial to the management of type 2 diabetic patients.