Abstract
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Is one of the most widely cultivated plantation crops in Indonesia. The decrease in productivity of oil palm is caused by presence of weeds around the plant that can be controled. One of the most commonly used controls is the use of the isopropylamine glyphosate herbicide. This research aims to determine the dosage of the Isopropylamine glyphosate herbicide which is oil palm yields. Determining changes in weed composition after application of Isopropylamine glyphosate herbicide in oil palm yields. Determining whether phytotoxicity occurs in oil palm yields after application of the Isopropylamine glyphosate herbicide. This research was conducted in oil palm plantations owned by farmers in Jontor Kenangasari Village, Seputih Surabaya District, Central Lampung Regency and the Weed Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Gedong Meneng, Bandar Lampung. The research was conducted using a randomized block design (RBD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications, namely various doses of isopropylamine glyphosate (360, 600, 480, and 720 g ha-1), manual weeding, and control. Homogeneity of variance was tested using the Bartlet test, additivity was tested by the Tukey test, and the mean difference was tested by the Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) at the 5% level. The results showed that: (1) The isopropylamine glyphosate herbicide dose of 480-720 g ha-1 is effective in controlling total weeds, grasses weeds, Brachiaria mutica weeds and Mikania micrantha weeds up to 12 MSA and the herbicide dose of 600-720 g ha-1 is effective in controlling wide leaf weeds, and Cyrtococcum acrescens weeds up to 8 MSA, (2) The isopropylamine glyphosate herbicide 360- 720 g ha-1 causes changes in weed composition at 4, 8, and 12 MSA, and (3) Application of the isopropylamine glyphosate herbicide 360 - 720 g ha-1 on plant plates did not cause poisoning to oil palm plants.
Highlights
The decrease in productivity of oil palm is caused by presence of weeds around the plant that can be controled
The results showed that: (1) The isopropylamine glyphosate herbicide dose of 480-720 g ha-1 is effective in controlling total weeds, grasses weeds, Brachiaria mutica weeds and Mikania micrantha weeds up to 12 MSA and the herbicide dose of 600-720 g ha-1 is effective in controlling wide leaf weeds, and Cyrtococcum acrescens weeds up to 8 MSA, (2) The isopropylamine glyphosate herbicide 360- 720 g ha-1 causes changes in weed composition at 4, 8, and 12 MSA, and (3) Application of the isopropylamine glyphosate herbicide 360 - 720 g ha-1 on plant plates did not cause poisoning to oil palm plants
Hasil pengamatan (Tabel 7) pada 4 dan 12 MSA herbisida isopropilamina glifosat 360 – 720 g ha-1 mampu mengendalikan gulma dominan Mikania micrantha dengan daya kendali tidak berbeda antardosis dan penyiangan manual
Summary
Gulma merupakan tumbuhan yang tidak diinginkan keberadaannya untuk tumbuh pada lahan pertanian karena dapat menghambat pertumbuhan atau menurunkan hasil produksi pada pertanaman kelapa sawit. Menurut Sastyawibawa dan Widyastuti (1999), keberadaan gulma pada lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit dapat menghambat pertumbuhan dan penurunan produksi sebesar 15 – 20%. Menurut penelitian Adriadi et al (2012) bahwa pertanaman kelapa sawit berumur 8 tahun terdapat gulma yang mendominasi di Desa Kilangan, Kecamatan Muaro Bulian, Kabupaten Batang Hari, Jambi dengan jenis tanah ultisol yang ber-pH 4,27 – 4,59, suhu udara rata-rata 26,75 oC, dan kelembaban udara 82,75% adalah Asystasia coromandeliana, Clidemia hirta, Euphorbia hirta, Borreria alata, Melastoma malabathricum, Paspalum conjugatum, Axonopus compressus, Eupatorium odoratum, dan Imperata cylindrica. Beberapa jenis gulma yang mengeluarkan atau menghasilkan zat alelopati alah Imperata cylindrica, Ageratum conyzoides, dan Borreria alata, yang dapat menjadi penghambat pertumbuhan tanaman pokok (Kamsurya, 2013; Kilkoda, 2015)
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